What do mean by management?

What is management?

Management is the coordination and administration of tasks to achieve a goal. Such governance activities include determining the organization's strategy and coordinating the efforts of employees to accomplish these objectives through the application of available resources.

Management System

Management is essential for organized life and for running all types of management. Good management is the backbone of successful organizations. Managing life means achieving things to achieve life's objectives and managing an organization means working with and through other people to achieve their objectives.

Whether management is an art or a science will remain a matter of debate. However, most management thinkers agree that some form of formal academic management background helps in successful management. In practice, all CEOs are university graduates. Therefore, the reason for the inclusion of professional degree programs in all educational institutions.

Management is a set of principles related to planning, organizing, directing and controlling, and the application of these principles in efficiently and effectively exploiting physical, financial, human and informational resources to achieve organizational goals.

Definition of management

Many management thinkers have defined management in their own way. For example, Van Fleet and Peterson define management as 'a set of activities directed towards the efficient and effective use of resources in the pursuit of one or more goals'.

Megginson, Mosley, and Petri defined management with planning, organizing, leading, and controlling tasks to achieve organizational objectives while working with human, financial, and material resources.

According to the Keltner's definition ‘Management is a problem-solving process of effectively achieving organizational objectives through efficient use of scarce resources in a changing environment. '

According to FW Taylor, is management is an art of knowing what to do and when to see that it is done in the best and cheapest way.

According to Harold Koontz, management is an art of working through and with people in formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and collaborate to achieve individual and group goals.

A leader has certain inherent qualities and traits that help him to take on the directing role and commanding influence that others. Leadership is an integral part of management and plays an important role in managerial operations, while management is an integral part of technical as well as social processes. The practice of management is as old as human civilization. However, the study of management in a systematic and scientific way as a separate body of knowledge is of recent origin only.

Management in one form or another is an integral part of living and it is essential that human efforts are made to achieve the desired objectives. The basic elements of management are always in play, whether we manage our lives or our business.

For example, let us look at the managerial role of an ordinary housewife and how she uses managerial materials in managing the house. First, she tells about her home and her needs. She forecasts the needs of the home for a week or a month or longer. She takes stock of her resources and constraints on these resources. She plans and organizes her resources to get the most out of these resources. She monitors and controls household budgets and expenses and other activities. In a large house, she divides work among other members and coordinates their activities. She encourages and motivates them to do their best in carrying out their activities. He is always looking to mention improvements, goals, resources, and means to achieve these goals. These elements are, in general, the basic functions of management.

Management can be defined in detail in the following categories:

    👉 Management as a process

     👉 Management as an activity

     👉 Discipline as management

     👉 Management as a group

     👉 Management as a science

     👉 Management as an art

     👉 Management as a profession

The concept of management is as old as mankind. The concept of the concept 'family' requires that life be organized and food resources are combined in such a way as to maximize the utility of such resources. Taking appropriate steps to protect the family from attacks by wild animals, where to go and with whom to go fishing and hunting, arranging these groups into heads and hunting and fishing bands where the chiefs gave directions , And so on, are all subtle elements of management and organization.

A study of various people around the world shows good examples of organizational structures and organizational development over the years. A tribe's open market in a village and a large department store in a modern city cater to similar needs, putting together the things that people need.

While the tribal organization was simple in nature, the modern organization is more sophisticated and complex with many technological innovations. However, the basic form of management and organizational structure exists from the beginning of an organized human activity.

Even recorded history 5000 BC As the application of some current management techniques illustrates. When ancient Sumerians used written records to aid in government work. The Egyptian pyramids, built as early as 3000 BCE, required the concerted efforts of more than 100,000 workers. It would be natural to assume that all the functions of modern management, namely, planning, organizing, directing and controlling, have played an important role in the construction of these monuments. Similarly, the early civilization of India bears witness to organized life.

Management, as a system, is not only an essential element of an organized society, but also an integral part of life when we talk about managing our lives. The management of life is not very different from the management of an organization and this 'art' of management has been with us since time immemorial. Just as a well-managed life is much better organized, goal-oriented and successful, the management of an organization is 'good' management distinguishes between the success and failure of the organization.

Perhaps, the importance of management was highlighted by the late President of the United States, John F. Kennedy when he stated that the role of management in our society is important in human progress. It serves to identify a major need of our time: to improve the standard of living for all people through the effective use of human and physical sources.

Similarly, a well-known management authority, Peter F. Drucker has emphasized the importance of managing social life. He announced about 25 years ago that, limed effective management is becoming the main resource of developed nations and it is the most essential country for education. '

The job of a manager is very important for the success of any organization. The more complex the organization is, the more important it is for the manager's role. A good manager makes things. Professor Leonard R. On the importance of management in any organization. Sales was emphasized in his address to a group of management development experts:

'We must find ways to explain society as a whole, and who specifically train managers, that the real leadership problems of our institutions — the things happening, the implementation, the development of a consensus, making the right decisions for the right people. Along is the right time, where action takes place. Although we as a society do not know to give managers much credit, I hope we can move towards recognizing that managerial and leadership jobs are among the most important functions of our society. As such, they deserve the professional status we give to more traditional areas of knowledge.

There are basically five primary functions of management. Here are:

1. Planning

2. Events

3. Staffing

4. Direction

5. Control

The control function includes coordination, reporting, and budgeting, and therefore the control function can be divided into these three separate functions. On the basis of these seven functions, Luther Gulick coined the term POSDCORB, which generally represents the beginning of these seven functions, ie for P planning, O for organizing, S for staffing, D for directing, Co-ordination. Co for, R for reporting, B for budget.

However, planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and control are widely recognized functions of management.

(1) planning

The plan is future-oriented and determines the direction of an organization. It is a rational and systematic way of making decisions today that will affect the future of the company. It is a type of organized foresight as well as corrective hindrance. This includes predicting the future as well as attempting to control events. This includes the ability to reverse the effects of current actions in the future long term.

Peter Drucker has defined planning as follows:

"With the best possible knowledge of systematically making current entrepreneurial decisions and their futility, systematically organizing the efforts required to make these decisions and these decisions against expectations through organized and systematic feedback Is a continuous process of measuring results ".

An effective planning program incorporates the influence of both external as well as internal factors. External factors are lack of resources; The general economic trend, both capital and material, as far as interest rates and inflation are concerned, dynamic technological advances, increased government regulation about community interests, unstable international political environment, and so on.

Internal factors that influence planning are diversification due to saturation, changing patterns of workforce, more complex organizational structures, decentralization, etc. There are limited growth opportunities.

(2) Events

Organizing requires a formal structure of authority and the direction and flow of such authority through which the work subdivisions are defined, organized and coordinated - each part

Relates to the second part in a cohesive and coherent manner so as to achieve the set objectives.

According to Henry Fayol, "To organize a business it has to provide everything useful or with its functioning i.e. raw materials, equipment, capital and personnel."

Thus the task of organizing involves determining the activities that need to be carried out to reach the goals of the company, delegating these activities to the appropriate personnel and delegating the necessary authority to carry out these activities in a coordinated and harmonious manner.

Thus, it is concerned with the function of the event that:

Identifying and grouping those tasks whenever necessary

Delegating these tasks to personnel, defining their authority and responsibility.

Delegating this right to these employees

Establishing the relationship between authority and responsibility

Coordination of these activities

(3) Staffing

Staffing is the task of hiring and maintaining a suitable work force for the enterprise at both managerial and non-managerial levels. It includes the process of recruiting, training, developing, compensating, and evaluating employees and retaining this workforce with appropriate encouragement and motivation. Since the human element is the most important factor in the management process, it is important to recruit the right personnel.

According to Koontz & judges Donnell, "The managerial work of staffing involves the organization structure through the proper and effective selection, evaluation, and personnel development to fill the roles designed in the structure".

This function is even more important because people differ in their intelligence, knowledge, skills, experience, physical condition, age, and attitude, and this complicates the function. Therefore, management must understand, in addition to technical and operational capability, the sociotechnical and psychological structure of the workforce.

(4) Direction

The directing function is concerned with leadership, communication, motivation, and supervision, so that employees can perform their activities in the most efficient way to achieve the desired goals.

The leadership element includes issuing instructions and guiding subordinates about procedures and methods.

Communication should be open both ways so that information is given to subordinates and the feedback received from them.

Motivation is very important because highly motivated people excel with less direction than superiors.

Supervision of subordinates will provide continuous progress reports as well as assurances to superiors that the instructions are being followed properly.

(5) Control

Control is performed by activities that are undertaken to ensure that events do not deviate from pre-arranged plans. Activities include setting standards for work performance, measuring performance and comparing these set standards, and taking corrective actions as necessary to correct any deviations.

According to Koontz & judging Donnell, "ensuring that enterprise objectives and plans are the measurement and improvement of subordinates' performance activities to ensure they have the desired plans to fulfill them".

Control function includes:

A. Establishment of standard display.

B. Measurement of actual performance.

C. Measuring actual performance with predetermined standards and detecting deviations.

D. Take corrective action.

All these five functions of management are closely related. However, these works are highly indistinguishable and almost unrecognizable at work. However, it is necessary that each function is kept in focus and dealt with separately.

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