To control pollution emanating from cars and two-wheelers, the Government of India has put forward regulations called Bharat Stage Emission Standard (BSES). The central government has ordered that all vehicle manufacturers, both two-wheelers and four-wheelers, manufacture, sell, and register only BS6 (BSVI) vehicles from 1 April 2020. In this article, you will learn about the BS4 vs BS6 engine, its major differences, and the performance of the new BS6 engine. Many of you may know about BS4 Engine, but do you know what BS6 Engine is? What is the difference between BS4 vs the BS6 engine? What are the new things in BS6 and what is BS6 engine technology? You must be wondering why the Government of India has adopted BS4 and why BS6. So let me tell you that a few days ago our Road and Transport Minister told us about the implementation of BS6 by 2020. In fact, according to the new rule, from April 1, 2020, only BS6 emission vehicles will be sold in India. All vehicles arriving prior to the BS6 were supported at BS4 emissions. BS6 vehicles will have advanced emission control systems. In fact, vehicles equipped with the BS6 engine will have special filters of up to 80 to 90 percent to prevent the PM 2.5 particles. At the same time, Bharat Stage 4 (BS4) emission norms are applicable in India and it will take a long time to change. The main plan was to bring Bharat Stage 5 (BS5) engine by 2019 to prevent up to 80% of particulate matter (things that can cause lung diseases). And there were plans to bring BS6 engine by 2024. But as pollution levels increased day by day, this is the reason why the government is thinking of abandoning the BS5 engine scheme and adopting the BS6 engine. So mean that pollution can be prevented to a great extent.
Table of contents
* What is BS6 Engine? * What is BS4 (BS-IV) Engine? * Pollution emission norms BS-IV Vs. BS-VI * Pollution emission norms BS-I, II, III, IV, V, and BS-VI * What is the India emission standard? * Difference between BS4 vs BS6 engine * What changes are coming due to BS6 * Impact of BS6 norms on the Indian automobile industry * How do BS6 diesel engines work? * Impact of BS6 on CNG cars. * BS6 vehicles will be more expensive * BS6 grade fuel will also come * Benefits of BS6 engine * Is the BS6 engine good?
What is BS6 Engine?
The governing body, Bharat Stage Emission Standards (BSES), regulates the production of pollutants from polluting vehicles in the country. The Central Pollution Control Board, which comes under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, sets standards for regulating emissions from vehicles in India.
 |
| BS-IV Vs BS-VI |
The first emission standard or criterion, introduced in the year 2000, was known as 'India 2000', and later, BS2 and BS3 were introduced in 2005 and 2010 respectively. While the first three emission norms were introduced at regular intervals, BS4 was introduced in 2017 after a seven-year hiatus.
The BS6 emission standard is the sixth iteration of the emission norm and, by comparison, is a significant leap forward in terms of reducing pollution compared to the outgoing BS4. This is also because the BSV has been abandoned in an effort to shifting to better emission standards.
The full name of BS-VI is Bharat Stage 6, we have entirely left BS-V and come to BS-VI which is a very good thing. The BS-VI engine used so far had high amounts of sulfur, which emitted high amounts of Particulate Matter (PM), a major cause of air pollution while being more harmful to human health.
In BS-VI vehicles, manufacturers will use an advanced emissions control kit and other equipment, which will reduce emissions by 70 percent in diesel vehicles and 25 percent in petrol vehicles. In addition, the fuel used in BS-VI vehicles will also be different, with lower sulfur content.
What is BS4 (BS-IV) Engine?
Before we understand BS6 emissions or BS6 compliant engines, let us understand BS4 (BSIV) emission norms, engine, performance, and its importance.
BSES, the governing organization for emissions from all types of vehicles in the country, introduced the first emission criteria in the year 2000 with the name 'India 2000'. BS2 and BS3 were introduced in 2005 and 2010, while BS4 standards came. In 2017 under the influence of stricter emission standards or norms.
In the regulations set by the governing body, changes related to emissions included tailpipe emissions, electronic control units (ECUs), ignition control, and more. The most visible change was the AHO (automatic headlamp on), one under the criteria. BS4 meets the safety aspect of the new emission standards.
Pollution emission norms BS-IV (BS4) Vs. BS-VI (BS6)
Bharat Stage emission standards were introduced in the year 2000, these are the emission standards set by the central government to control the pollutants emitted from the engines.
There are many different standards implemented from time to time by the Central Pollution Control Board which come under the Ministry of Environment and Forests and Climate Change. Bharat Stage Norms are based on European rules. And BS4 norms have been implemented in our country since April 2017.
For a cleaner environment and to address growing concerns about global warming, the Government of India has steadily pushed BS6 pollution norms up to 1 April 2020. Hence, a jump from BS4 to BS6 instead of moving to BS5 and then BS6. Below are the pollution criteria differences between BSIV and BSVI:
* BSVI or BS6 is the sixth emission criterion or criterion to reduce pollution levels compared to BSIV or BS4 emission norms. Both are maximum emission standards that determine maximum pollution from the exhaust of a motor vehicle.
* While the BS4 emission norms allow a motor vehicle to emit more than 80 mg/km of NO2 (nitrogen oxide), the BS6 emission norms have reduced it to 60 mg/km. Particulate matter (PM) for petrol vehicles has been limited to 4.5 mg/km in the BS6 emission regime.
* Under the BS6 standard, the extent of pollution has drastically decreased. While the NOx criterion for diesel vehicles in BS4 stands at 250 mg/km, it has been reduced to 80 mg/km in BS6 emission norms. In BS4, HC + NOx has been reduced from 300mg / km to 170mg / km, while the PM level has been reduced from 25mg / km to 4.5mg / km.
* The BS6 emission criteria is not only for motor vehicles but also for fuel. Sulfur and nitrogen oxide play important roles in petrol and diesel. Compared to the BS-IV and BS-VI, fuel has less sulfur and NOx. While the BS4 fuel has a sulfur content of 50ppm, it is five times less than the BS6 fuel at 10ppm. In the form of nitrogen oxide, the permissible levels for diesel and petrol engines have decreased by 70% and 25%, respectively.
* From April 1, 2020, when BS6 Norms will enter, BS6 fuel will also be sent to petrol pumps of the country from the same date. You can use BS-VI fuel in the BS-IV vehicle's engine.
* For proper lubrication inside the engine, sulfur plays an important role; However, for BS6 fuel, sulfur is less than BS4 fuel. This is addressed with additives that act as lubricating agents. * With BSVI criteria, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and diesel particulate filter (DPF) were included to assess BS6 automotive emissions levels; However, it was not part of the emission norms set on BS4. Also, Read
What is Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)?
* Real driving emissions (RDE) have been introduced into the BS6 criteria to ensure emissions from motor vehicles are measured on a real-time basis. It was not part of the BS4 criteria. * Apart from BS6 norms there is another onboard diagnostic (OD) which is not mandatory in BS4 norms.
* BS6 vehicles using BS4 fuel will not comply with the required emission norms due to high levels. Therefore, a BS6 vehicle only has to use BS6 fuel to achieve the desired emission levels.
Pollution emission norms BS-I, II, III, IV, V, and BS-VI
These are emission standards set by the governing body India Safety Emissions Standard (BSEB) to control the production of pollutants from road vehicles. The Central Pollution Control Board, under the Ministry of Environment and Forests and Climate Change, determines the pollution levels and timelines allowed by vehicle manufacturers to implement the same.
Abbreviation BS 'is abbreviated as Bharat Charan and is associated with the repetition of special emission norms. The Indian emission standards are based on the lines of European standards commonly known as Euro 2, Euro 3, and so on. The first rule was introduced in 2000 with Moniker India 2000, the second and third iterations were introduced in 2001 and 2005 with Moniker BSII (BS2) and BSIII (BS3).
The fourth iteration BSIV or BS4 was introduced in 2017 and BSVI or BS6 emissions were fast-tracked instead of BSV or BS5 norms as a result of delays between the introduction of BS3 and BS4. Each of these emission criteria has stricter emission standards than its predecessors.
The table below provides an insight into the implementation timeframe of emission standards:
|
Emission Standard |
Reference |
Year of Introduction |
|
India 2000 |
EURO 1 |
2000 |
|
Bharat Stage II (BS2) |
EURO 2 |
2005 |
|
Bharat Stage III (BS3) |
EURO 3 |
2010 |
|
Bharat Stage IV (BS4) |
EURO 4 |
2017 |
|
Bharat Stage V (BS5) |
EURO 5 |
To be skipped |
|
Bharat Stage VI (BS6) |
EURO 6 |
2020 |
What is the India emission standard?
According to the Euro Norms adopted by Bharat Stage, there should be a maximum limit of pollutant release for all vehicles. Contaminants such as CO2, nitrogen oxides, sulfur and suspended particulate matter.
If a vehicle leaves its pollutant in excess of its prescribed limit, it cannot be sold in Europe.
In our country, we follow Euro Norms as India Stage Norms. Which we are gradually implementing in all the cities of our country.
Difference between BS4 vs BS6 engine
Both BSIV and BSVI are emission norms that set the maximum permissible levels for pollutants emitting from a car or a two-wheeler exhausts. Compared to the BS-IV and BS-VI emissions standard are stricter. While automobile manufacturers use these changes to update their vehicles with new features and safety standards, the biggest or the significant changes come in the form of strict permissible emission norms.
The below table offers an insight into the change in the permissible emission levels of BS-VI vehicles compared to BS-IV vehicles:
|
Fuel Type |
Pollutant Gases |
BS6 (BSVI) |
BS4 (BSIV) |
|
Petrol Passenger Vehicle |
Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Limit |
<60mg> |
<80mg> |
|
Particulate Matter (PM) Limit |
<4.5mg/km |
- |
|
|
Diesel Passenger Vehicle |
Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Limit |
<80mg> |
<250mg> |
|
Particulate Matter (PM) Limit |
<4.5mg/km |
<25mg> |
|
|
HC + NOx |
170mg/km |
<300mg> |
Under BS4-IV emission norms, the vehicle's engine is designed to remove the amount of sulfur from the smoke emanating from it based on the Indian government's fixed scale. Low sulfur fuel (like diesel) is used for this. Fuel grade is decided by the government for this.
CO emissions or carbon monoxide emissions are mainly found in petrol engines. And due to their prolonged exposure, oxygen transfer may also decrease, which can also cause headaches and nausea.
HC emissions of hydrocarbons are found predominantly in petrol engines and exposure to them for a short period of time can also cause headaches, vomiting, and disorientation.
NOx emissions or nitrogen oxide emissions are mainly found in diesel engines. Staying in contact with them for a long time can cause swelling of ears and eyes and can also cause damage to our lung tissue. particulate matter (PM) is mainly found in a diesel engine. Due to their prolonged exposure, patients may also inhibit respiratory drain and lung function.
What changes are coming due to BS6
1. Vehicles will have a PDF (diesel particulate filter) fitted, resulting in a lack of particulate matter. It is a cylinder-shaped object mounted vertically in the engine compartment. 2. SCR (selective catalytic reductions) module will be installed for reducing nitrogen oxide in the vehicles. 3. To achieve very low emission, all the reaction must be in the exact amount for which the microprocessor is used. 4. Car manufacturers need to build petrol engines that reduce CO emissions and keep them under control. For this, they may also have to use a gasoline direct injection engine. 5. To make the engine more efficient, they may have to be shorted. So that the engines have the least fuel consumption. 6. The demand for hybrid engines will increase significantly as it can reduce emissions, instead of keeping performance levels. 7. Cars can also be more expensive because emissions-stopping devices are more expensive. 8. This may increase the desire for alternative fuels. Such as hybrid cars such as electric cars, ethanol composite, LPG, and petrol-electric and diesel-electric cars.
Impact of BS6 norms on the Indian automobile industry
1. If BS6 is adopted then about Rs 80,000 crore will be required to replace our oil refining infrastructure.
2. The biggest challenge will be for the BS6 engine according to the fuel required for both petrol and diesel.
3. In our country, where people prefer small cars, there will be a lot of changes in the design of the car to fit PDF, which can increase its price.
4. A lot of design changes may have to be made to fit the SCR module, which will take a lot of time and after that, it may also take longer to adapt.
How do BS6 diesel engines work?
The Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit converts nitrogen oxide (NOx) into diatomic nitrogen and water (both harmless products) with the help of a catalyst. The Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit uses AdBlue or diesel exhaust fluid to reduce the harmful NOx emissions. This type of fluid is made up of two parts urea, and deionized water. When exhaust gases come into contact with AdBlue fluid, urea is converted to ammonia and carbon dioxide and, in turn, ammonia converts NOx into nitrogen and water vapor, reducing pollutants.
AdBlue will be filled in 10-liter capacity tanks in small passenger vehicles. Currently, AdBlue is being sold by distributors at a premium rate; However, with the rapid growth in sales of BS6 diesel engines, the cost of AdBlue is expected to fall.
Impact of BS6 on CNG cars.
Vehicle manufacturers will have to make minor changes or modifications to their diesel and petrol engines to use CNG on BS6 vehicles. It is only a matter of time before manufacturers start offering CNG compliant BS6 engines in the country. CNG-powered BS6 cars or vehicles may be a restriction prior to the sale of electric and hybrid vehicles in the country.
BS6 vehicles will be more expensive
Vehicles equipped with BS6 engines will increase in price, but there will not be much difference in petrol vehicles. While the price of petrol vehicles will increase from 15 to 20 thousand rupees, the price of diesel vehicles can increase by 2.5 lakh rupees.
BS6 grade fuel will also come
Petrol-diesel for BS6 vehicles will also come in BS6 grade. And this fuel can also be expensive from Rs 1.5 to Rs 2 per liter. BS6 fuel will be introduced across the country from 1 April 2020. However, Abi is also getting BS6 fuel at select petrol pumps in some places including Delhi, Bangalore. This fuel will reduce carbon emissions.
Benefits of BS6 engine
* Polluting lead, hazardous substances such as sulfur in BS6 fuels will be significantly reduced.
Also read:What is Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Knocking?
Classification of Internal Combustion Engine?
* The BS6 engine will be designed in such a way that the amount of sulfur from the smoke emanating from it is based on the Government of India scale. * This will significantly reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from the engine. * The amount of sulfur in BS-VI fuel will be 5 times less than that of BS-IV. * Nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel vehicles have decreased by 68 percent and petrol cars by 25 percent. * The mileage of the BS-VI engine will also be better than the BS-IV engine.
Q. Is the BS6 engine good?
BS-VI fuel has a lower amount of sulfur than BS-IV fuel. The sulfur content in BS-VI fuels is five times lower (10ppm) than the sulfur content in BS-VI fuel (50ppm). And, the nitrogen BS level will be brought down to 70% and 25% for BS-VI diesel engines and petrol engines.
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